1. 1999 World Health Organization – International Society of Hypertension.
Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. J Hypertension 1999; 17 (2):
151–183; 30(Suppl. 2): 1–7.
2. Abernethy DR. The pharmacokinetic profile of amlodipine. Am J Cardiol 1989;
64: 101–201.
3. Accili D, Cama A, Barbetti F et al. Insulin resistance due to mutation of the
insulin receptor gene: an overview. J Endocrinol Invest 1992; 15: 857–64.
4. Ackroff K, Sclafani A. Effects of the lipase inhibitor orlistat on intake and
preference for dietary fat in rats. Am J Physiol 1996; 271(1Pt2): R48–54.
5. Alberti K.G., Zimmet P.Z. Definition, diagnosis and classification of
diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of
diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 1998; 15
(7): 539–53.
6. Alberti KJ, Zimmet PZ for the WHO Consultation. Definition, diagnosis and
classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part I: diagnosis and
classification of diabetes mellitus: provisional report of a WHO consultation.
Diabet Med 1998; 15: 539–53.
7. Alessi MC, Perietti F, Morange P, Henry M, Nalbone G, Juhan-Vague I.
Production of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 by human adipose tissue:
possible link between visceral fat accumulation and vascular disease. Diabetes
1997 May; 46(5): 860–7.
8. Ambrosioni E, Lafar M, Degaufe JP et al. Low-dose antihypertensive therapy
with 1.5 mg sustained-release indapamide: results of randomized double-blind
controlled studies. J.Hypertens.1998; 16: 1677–84.
9. American Diabetes Association. Management of Dyslipidemia in Adults With
Diabetes. Position Statement. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 56–9.
10. American Diabetes Association. Report of the expert committee on the
diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1997; 20:
1183–97.
11. Ames RP, Hill PH. Antihypertensive therapy and risk of coronary heart
disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1982; 4 (Suppl. 2): S206–16.
12. Ames RP. Negative effects of diuretic drugs on metabolic risk factors of
coronary heart disease: possible alternative drug therapies. Amer J Cardiol
1983; 51: 632–8.
13. Amos A, McCarty D, Zimmet P. The rising global burden of diabetes and its
complications: estimates and projections to the year 2010. Diabetic Med. 1997;
14 (Suppl. 5): S1–S85.
14. Anderson A, Morgan O, Morgan T. Duration of antihypertensive effect of
perindopril enalapril and captopril. Hypertens 1993; 21: 568.
15. Anderson A, Morgan O, Morgan T et al. Effectiveness of blood pressure
control with once daily administration of enalapril and perindopril Am J
Hypertens 1994; 7: 371–3.
16. Anderson EA, Hoffman RP, Balon TW et al. Hyperinsulinemia produced both
sympathetic neuronal activation and vasodilatation in normal humans. J Clin
Invest 1991; 87: 2246–52.
17. Appel S, Rufenacht T et al. Lack of Interaction Between Fluvastatin and Oral
Hypoglycemia Agents in Healthy Subjects and in Patients with Non–Insulin-Dependent
Diabetes Mellitus. Am J Cardiol 1995; 76: 29A–32A.
18. Armstrong B, Stevens N, Doll R. Retrospective study of the association
between use of rauwolfia derivatives and breast cancer in English woman. Lancet
1974; 2: 672–5.
19. Arner P. Catecholamine-induced lypolysis in obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab
Disord 1999; 23 (Suppl. 1): 10–3.
20. Asmar RG, Kerihuel JC, Girerd XJ, Safar ME. Effect of bisoprolol on blood
pressure and arterial hemodinamyc hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68: 61–47.
21. Assmann G, Schulte H. The Prospective Cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) Study:
prevalence of hyperlipidemia in persons with hypertension and/or diabetes
mellitus and the relationship to coronary heart disease. Am Heart J 1988; 116:
1713–24.
22. Austin MA, Hokanson JE, Edwards KL. Hypertriglyceridemia as a cardiovascular
risk factor. Am J Cardiol 1998; 81: 7B–12B.
23. Avogaro P, Crepaldi G, Enzi G, Tiengo A. Association of hyperlipidemia,
diabetes mellitus and mild obesity. Acta Diabetol Lat 1967; 4: 572–90.
24. Baillie GM, Sherer JT, Weart CW. Insulin and coronary artery disease: is
syndrome X the unifying hypothesis? Ann Pharmacother. 1998; 32: 233–47.
25. Bak JF, Schmitz O, Niels SS, Pedersen O. Postreceptor effects of
sulfonylurea on skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activity in type II diabetic
patients. Diabetes. 1989; 38: 1343–50.
26. Bauer JH, Brooks CS, Weidmann I et al. Effects of diuretic and propranplol
on plasma lipoprotein lipids. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1981; 30: 35–43.
27. Belichenko O, Sharia M, Shapkina L, Sitina V, Michko V, Kiseleva O. Clinical
application of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of treatment
efficacy in patient with adrenal pathology and arterial hypertension. Tenth
European meeting on hypertension, Geteborg (Sweden) May 29 – June 3, 2000.
28. Bell PM, Hadden DR. Metformin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 26(3):
523–37.
29. Bengtsson BA. The consequences of growth hormone deficiency in adults. Acta
Endocrinol 1993; (Suppl. 2): 128.
30. Bergman N. MINMOD: a computer program to calculate insulin sensitivity and
pancreatic responsivity from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose
tolerance test. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine 1986; 23 (2):
113–22.
31. Bergman R, Phillips L, Cobelli C. Physiologic evaluation of factors
controlling glucose tolerance in man. J Clin Invest 1981; 68: 1456–67.
32. Bergman RN, Prager R, Volund A et al. Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity
index in man derived by the minimal model method the englycemic glucose clamp. J
Clin Invest 1987; 79: 790–800.
33. Bertherat J. Nouroendocrine regulation of growth hormone. Endocrin 1995,
132: 12–24.
34. Berthezene F. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes and reverse cholesterol
transport. Atherosclerosis 1993; 102: 63–7.
35. Best J, Nicholson GO, Neal et al. Atorvastatin and simvastatin reduce
elevated cholesterol in non-insulin dependent diabetes. Diabetes Nutr Metab
1996; 9: 74–80.
36. Bianchi S, Bigazzi R et al. Hyperinsulinemia in patients with essential
hypertension and microalbuminuria. Hypertension 1994; 23: 681–8.
37. Bianchi S, Bigazzi R, Quinones Galvan A et al. Insulin resistance in
microalbuminuric hypertension: sites and mechanisms. Hypertension 1995; 26:
789–96.
38. Bjorntop P. “Portal” adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for
cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Aterosclerosis 1990; 10: 493–496.
39. Bjorntorp P. Neuroendocrine abnormaliles in human obesity. Metabolism. 1995;
132: 12–24.
40. Bjorntorp P. Neuroendocrine abnormalities in human obesity. Metabolism 1995;
132: 12–24.
41. Bjorntorp P. Obesity. Lancet 1997; 350: 423–6.
42. Black D, Bakker-Arkema R, Nawrocki J An overview of the clinical safety
profile of atorvastatin (lipitor), a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Arch
Intern Med 1998; 158: 577–84.
43. Black HR, Curb JD, Pressel S et al. Systolic hypertension in the Elderly
Program (SHEP). Hypertension 1991; 17 (Suppl. 11): 11–1–171.
44. Blankestijn PJ et al. Nebivolol. An acute and long term study in essential
hypertension. Drug Invest. 1991; 3 (Suppl. 1): 152–4.
45. Bogieva R, Mychka V, Chazova I. Influence of Glucobay treatment on blood
pressure, glucose and lipids metabolism, weight and body mass index in patients
with mild arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome. 13th European meeting on
Hypertension, Milan, Italy, June 13–17,2003.
46. Boor R. Familiar insulin resistance diabetes associated with acantosis
nigricans, policystic ovarian hypoganadism, pigmentary retinopathy, labyrintine
deafness and mental retardation. J Am Med Genet 1993; 45(5).
47. Borkan GA, Sparrow D, Wisnrewski C, Vokonas P.S. Body weight and coronary
disease risk: patterns of risk factor change associated with lon-term weight
change. The normative ageing study. Am J Epidemiol. 1986; 124: 410–9.
48. Bossaller C, Auch-Schwelk W, Grafe M. Effects of converting enzyme
inhibition on endothelial bradykinin metabolism and endothelial-dependent
vascular relaxion. Agets Actions 1992; 38: 171–7.
49. Bowman AJ et al. Nitric oxide mediated venodilator effects of Nebivilol. Br
J Clin Pharm. 1994; 38: 199–204.
50. Brands MW, Mizelle HL, Gaillard CA et al. The hemodynamic response to
chronic hyperinsulinemia in conscious dog. Am J Hypertens 1991; 4: 164–8.
51. Brands MW, Mizzelle HL, Gaillard CA et al. The hemodynamic response to
chronic hyperinsulinemia in conscious dog. Am J Hypertens 1991; 4: 164–8.
52. Bray GA. Pathophysiology of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 55: 4889–993.
53. Breslin E, Posvar E, Neub M et al. A pharmacodynamic and pharmacokynetic
comparison of intravenous quinaprilat and oral quinapril. J Clin Pharmacol 1996
May ; 36(5): 414–21.
54. Broun A. Treating patients with documented atherosclerosis to national
cholesterol education program–recommended low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol
goals with atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin and simvastatin. JACC 1998; 32:
665–72.
55. Brown MJ, Palmer CR, Castaigne A et al. Morbidity and mortality in patients
randomized to double-blind treatment with a long-acting calcium-channel blocker
or diuretic in the International Nifedipine GITS study: Intervention as a Goal
in Hypertension Treatment (INSIGHT) Lancet 2000; 356: 366–72.
56. Brown MJ, Palmer CR, Costaigne A et al. Morbidity and mortality in patients
randomised to double-blind treatment with a long-acting calcium-channel blocker
or diuretic in Hypertension Treatment (INSIGHT). Lancet 2000; 356; 29: 366–72.
57. Bruttomesso D, Pianta A, Verio A, et al. Restoration of early rise in plasma
insulin levels improves the glucose tolerance of type 2 diabetic patients.
Diabetes 1999; 48: 99–105.
58. Bucher HC, Griffith LE, Guyatt GH. Systematic review on the risk and benefit
of different cholesterol–lowering interventions. Artherioscler Thromb Vasc
Biol 1999; 19: 187–95.
59. Bujalska IJ, Kumar S, Stewart PM. Does central obesity reflect
“Cushing’s” disease of the omentum? Lancet 1997; 349 (9060): 1210–3.
60. Burges RA. Dodd MG, Gardiner DG. Pharmacologic profile of amlodipine Am J
Cardiol 1989; 64: 101–201.
61. Camus J Goutte, diabete, hyperlipemie: un trisyndrome metabolique. Rev
Rhumat 1966; 33: 10–4.
62. Chalmers J et al. WHO–ISH Hypertension Guidelines Committee. 1999 World
Health Organization – International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the
Management of Hypertension. J Hypertension 1999; 17: 151–85.
63. Chang PC, van Veen S, Vermeij P, van Brummelen P. Double–blind compason of
the b1-selectivity of single doses of bisoprolol and atenolol. J Cardiovasc
Pharmacol 1986; 8 (Suppl. 11): S58–60.
64. Chazova I, Mychka V, Sheinina N. The influence of perindopril on
carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in arterial hypertensives with metabolic
syndrome. 19-th Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Hypertension;
12th European Meeting on Hypertension; June 23–27, 2002. Prague.
65. Chazova I, Mychka V, Gornostaev V. The efficiency and safety of use of
combined drug Logimax in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension and type 2
diabetes mellitus. 13-th European meeting on Hypertension, Milan, Italy, June
13–17, 2003.
66. Chiasson J et al. The STOP–NIDDM trial. An international study on efficacy
of an a-glucosidase inhibitor to prevent type 2 diabetes in a population with
IGT. Diabetes Care 1998, 21, 1720–5.
67. Chiu KC, McCarthy JE. The insertion allele at the angiotensin1–converting
enzyme gene locus is associated with insulin resistance. Metabolism 1997; 46:
395–9.
68. Clausen JO, Hausen T, Bjorbaek C et al. Insulin resistance: interactions
between obesity and a common variant of insulin receptor substrate-1. Lancet
1995; 346: 397–402.
69. Cleophas Ton J Experimental evidence of selective antagonistic action of
Nebivolol on b1-adrenergic receptors. J Clin Med 1998; II: 1–8.
70. Cockroft JR, Chowenczyk PHJ, Brett SE et al. Nebivolol vasodilates human
forearm vasculature: evidence of L-arginine/NO-dependent mechanism. Journal
Pharmacology Experimental Therapeutics 1995; 274: 1067–71.
71. Cole SA, Aston CE, Hamma RF et al. Association of a Pvull RFLP at the
lipoprotein lipase locus with fasting insulin levels in Hispanic men Genet
Epidemiol 1993; 10: 177–88.
72. Coley WB. The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated inoculations of
erysipelas: with a report of ten original cases. Clin Orthop 1991; 262: 3–11.
73. Collins R, Peto R, MacMahon S et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary
heart disease. Lancet 1990; 335: 827–38.
74. Collins R, Yusuf S. HPS–Simvastatin and anti-oxidants. Americal Heart
Association Scientific Sessions; November 11–14, 2001; Anaheim, California,
Plenary Session VII: Late–Breaking Clinical Trials.
75. Conde K, Vergara-Jinenez M. Hypocholesterolemic actions of atorvastatin are
associated with alterations on hepatic cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein
composition in the guinea pig. J Lipid Res 1996; 37: 2372–82.
76. Crome P, Keen H. Partial lipodystrophy and insulin-resistant diabetes.
Diabet Metab 1978; 4(2).
77. Cupples LA. Risk factors for cardiovascular death. Am Heart J 1993; 125:
863–72.
78. Curb J, Borhani N, Blaszkowski TP. Long–term surveillance for adverse
effects of antihypertensive drugs. JAMA 1985; 253; 22: 32
79. Dahlof B, Pennert K, Hansson L. Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in
hypertensive patients. A meta analysis of 109 treatment studies. Am J Hypertens
1992; 5: 95–110.
80. Davis BR, Cutler JD, Gordon DJ et al. Rationale and design for the
Antihypertensive and Lipid–Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial
(ALLHAT). Am J Hypertens 1996; 9: 342–60.
81. Davis SN, Colburn C, Robbins R et al. Evidence that the brain of the
conscious dog is insulin sensitive. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 593–602.
82. De Cesaris R, Ranieri G, Adriani A et al. A comparative study of the effects
of lisinopril and quinapril administered once a day in essential hypertension.
(In italian). Minerva Med 1990. Jul 1990; 31; 81 (7–8): 541–16.
83. De Cree J et al. Double blind placebo-controlled cross-over study evaluating
the acute haemodynamic effects of dl-Nebivolol 5 mg, d-Nebivolol 2,5 mg an
l-Nebivolol 2,5 mg in healthy volunteers. JRF Clinical Research Report on R67555
NO–35. February 1989.
84. Decode Study Group on behalf of the European Diabetes Epidemiology Group. Is
fasting glucose sufficient to define diabetes? Epidemiological data from 20
European Studies. Diabetologia 1999; 42: 654–74.
85. DeFronzo R, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance, a multifaceted syndrome
responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dislipidemia and atherosclerotic
cardio-vascular disease. Diabetes Care 1991; 4 (3): 173–94.
86. DeFronzo RA, Agus Z. The effect of glucose and insulin on renal electrolyte
transport. J Clin Invest. 1976; 58: 83–90.
87. DeFronzo RA, Barzilai N, Simonson DC. Machanism of metformin action in obese
and lean non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;
73(6): 1294–301.
88. DeFronzo R.A, Dvis PJ. The effect of insulin in renal handing of sodium,
potassium, calcium, and phosphate in man. J Clin Invest 1975; 55: 845–55.
89. Despres JP. The impact of orlistat on the multifactorial risk profile of
abdominally obese patients. Diabetes 1998; 48: 1–307.
90. Despres JP, Lamarche B, Mauriege P et al. Hyperinsulinemia as an independent
risk factor for ischemic heart disease. N Engl J Med 1996; 334 (15): 952–57.
91. Despres JP, Moorjani S, Lupien PJ et al. Regional distribution of body fat,
plasma insulin, plasma lipoproteins, and cardiovascular disease.
Arteriosclerosis 1990; 10: 497–511.
92. Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M, Jacober SJ et al. Bisoprolol and captopril
effects on insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in essential hypertension.
Am J Hypertens 1997; 10 1349–55.
92a. Donnely R. Clinical implications of indapamide sustained release 1.5 mg in
hypertension. Clin Pharmacokinetics 1999; 37 (Suppl. 1): 21–32.
93. Dorella M, Giusto M et al. Improvement of insulin sensitivity by metformin
treatment does not lower blood pressure of nonobese insulin–resistant
hypertensive patients with normal glucose tolerance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
1996; 81: 1568–74.
94. Doria A, Fioretto P, Avogaro A et al. Insulin resistance is associated with
high sodium–lithium counter–transport in essential hypertension. Am J
Physiol 1991; 261: E684–691.
95. Dowse GK, Zimmet PZ, Gareebo H et al. Abdominal obesity and physical
inactivity as risk factors for NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance in Indian,
Creole, and Chinese Mauritians. Diabetes Care 1991; 14: 271–82.
96. Draznin B, Sussman KE et al. Possible roie of citosolic free calcium
concentrations in mediating insulin resistance of obesity and hyperinsulinemia.
J Clin Invest 1988; 82: 1848–52.
97. Drent M, Larsson I, William-Olsson T et al. Orlistat (Ro 18–0647), a
lipase inhibitor, in the treatment of human obesity: a multiple dose study. Int
J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1995; 19 (4): 221–6.
98. Ducimetiere P, Richard J, Cambien F. The pattern of subcutaneous fat
distribution in middle–aged men and the risk of coronary heart disease: The
Paris Prospective Study. Int J Obes 1986; 10: 229–40.
99. Dzau V, Julius S, Weber M et al. ASCEND (Accupril Study of clinical,
Economic, and Dose Titration End Points): effect of up titration and compliance
on response rate. Am J Hypertens 1996 Apr 9; (PT 2): 72.
100. Elevated fasting insulin predict hypertension: the ARIC study. Liese AD,
Mayer-Davis EJ, Chembless LE, Folsom AR, Sharret AR, Brancati FL, Heiss G for
the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Investigators. J Hypertansion
1999; 17: 11690–1177.
101. Elkeles RS, Diamond JR et al. The SENDCAP Study Group. Cardiovascular
outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 641–8.
102. Ernsberger P, Ishizuka T, Liu S et al. Mechanisms of antihyperglycemic
effects of moxonidine in the obese spontaneously hypertensive Koletsky rats. J
Pharmac Exp Therap 1999; 288: 139–47.
103. Estasio RO, Jeffers BW, Hiatt WR et al. The effect of nisoldipine as
compared with non insulin dependent diabetes and hypertension N Engl J Med 1998;
338: 645–52.
104. Evans DJ, Murray R, Kisselbah AH. Relationship between skeletal muscle
insulin resistance, insulin mediated glucose disposal, and insulin binding.
Effects of obesity and body fat topography. J Clin Invest 1984; 74(4):
1515–25.
105. Everhart JE, Petitt DJ, Benneth PH et al. Duration of obesity increases the
incidence of NIDDM. Diabetes 1992; 41: 235–40.
106. Expert Panel on Detection, Evalution, and Treatment of High Blood
Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the Third Report of the Nanional
Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Exrert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and
Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. JAMA 2001; 285: 2486–97.
107. Fernander–Real SM, Gutierres C, Ricart W et al. The TNF-a gene Neo I
polymorphism influences the relationship among insulin resistance, percent body
fat, and increased serum leptin levels. Diabetes 1997; 46: 1468–72.
108. Ferranini E, Buzzigoli G et al. Insulin resistance in essential
hypertension. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 370–7.
109. Ferrannini E, Buzzigoli G, Bonadonna R et al. Insulin resistance in
essential hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1987; 317: 350–7.
110. Ferrannini E, Haffner SM, Mitchell BD et al. Hyperinsulinemia: the key
feature of a cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome. Diabetologia 1991; 34:
416–22.
111. Ferrannini E, Natali A, Capaldo B, Lehtovirta M, Jacob S. Insulin
resistance, hyperinsulinemia and blood pressure. Role of age and obesity.
Hypertension 1997; 30: 1144–9.
112. Ferrari P, Weidmann P. Altered insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulieamia and
dyslipidaemia in individuals with a hypertensive parent. Am J Med 1991; 91:
589–96.
113. Ferrari P, Weidmann P. Insulin, insulin sensitivity and hypertension. J
Hypertens 1990; 8: 491–500.
114. Filer JS. Leptin resistance and obesity. Presented at the 60-th Scientific
Sessions of the american diabetes association. June 13, 2000; San-Antonio,
TEXAS.
115. Floras JS, Harak K. Sympathoneural and hemodynamic characteristiks of young
subject with mild essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1993; 11: 647–55.
116. Florkowski CM, Richardson MR, Le Guen C, Jennings PE, Jones AF, Lunec J
Effect of gliclazide on thromboxane B2 parameters of hemostasis, lipid peroxides
and fluorescent IgG in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1988; 31:490A.
117. Fogari R et al. b-Blocker effects on plasma lipids in antihypertensive
therapy: importance of the duration of treatment and the lipid status before
treatment. J Cardivasc Pharmacol 1990; 16 (Suppl. 5): S76.
118. Fogari R, Zoppi A, Corradi L et al. b-blocker effects on plasma lipids
during prolonged treatment of hypertensive patients with hypercholesterolemia. J
Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1999; 534–9.
119. Fogari R, Preti P, Banderali A et al. ACE–inhibition but not angiotensin
II antagonism improves fibrinolisis and sensitivity in hypertensive
post-menopausal women. J Hypertens 1999; 17(Suppl. 3): S143.
120. Fontbonne A., Charles M.A., Juhan-Vague I et al. The effect of metformin on
the metabolic abnormalities associated with upper-body fat distribution. BIGPRO
study group. Diabetes Care 1996 Sep; 19(9): 920–6.
121. Fontbonne A, Eschwege E et al. Hypertriglyceridemia as a risk factor of
coronary heart disease mortality in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or
diabetes: results from the 1-yeas follow uh of the Paris Prospective Study.
Diabetologia 1989; 32: 300–4.
122. Fortaine KR, Cheskin LJ, Barofsky I. Health–related quality of life in
obese persons seeking treatment. J Fam Pract 1996; 43: 265–270.
123. Fraze E. Ambient plasma free fatty acid concentration in
noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: evidence for insulin resistance. J Clin
Endocrin Metab 1995; 61.
124. Frei M, Kuster L, Gardosch von Krosigk PP et al. Moxonidine and
hydrochlortthiazide in combination: a synergistic antihypertensive effect. J
Cardiovsc. Pharmaco 1994; 24: S25–8.
125. Freidman JE, Ishizuka, Liu S. Antihyperglycemic activity of moxonidine:
metabolic and molecular effects of obese spontaneously hypertensive rats. Blood
pressure 1998; 7 (Suppl. 3): 32–9.
126. Frithz G, Weiner L. Effects of bisoprolol on blood pressure, serum lipids
and HDL-cholesterol in essential hypertension. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1987; 32:
77–80.
127. Frithz G. Influense on plasma–insulin and blood–glucose by treatment
with bisoprolol in hypertensive, non-diabetic patients. J Clin Basic Cardiol
2001, 4: 229–30.
128. Fuciyama K, Higashi G, Yoshida K et al. .A clinical phase I study of
quinapril Japanese. Yakuri To Chiryo 1991; 19:167–98.
129. Gardner CD, Fortmann SP, Krauss RM. Association of small low-density
lipoprotein particles with the incidence of coronary artery disease in men and
women. JAMA 1996; 276: 875–81.
130. Gerstein HC, Bosch J, Pogue J. Rationale and design of a large study to
evaluate the renal and cardiovascular effects of an ACE inhibitor and vitamin E
in high-risk patients with diabetes . The MICRO–HOPE study. Diabetes Care
1996; 19: 1225–8.
131. Giulgliano D, Quatraro A, Consoli G et al. Metformin for obese
insulin–related diabetic patients: improvement in glicaemic control and
reduction of metabolic risk factors. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 44 (2):
107–12.
132. Gluck Z, Weidmann P, Mordasini R. Increased serum low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol in men, treated short-term with the diuretic chlorthalidone.
Metabolism. 1980; 29: 240–5.
133. Gmerek A, Yang R, Bays H et al. Atorvastatin causes a dosedependent
reduction in LDL-C and triglycerides (abstract). In 66th Congress of the
European Atherosclerosis Society Abstract Book: 1996 Jul 13–17; Florence
(Italy): 212.
134. Goldschmidt MG, Barret-Conner E, Edelstein SL et al. Dyslipidaemia and
ischaemic heart disease mortality among men and women with diabetes. Circulation
1994; 89: 991–7.
135. Gornostaev V, Mychka V, Sergienko V, Chazova I. Feature of brain perfusion
autoregulation reserve in patients with arterial hypertension and metabolic
syndrome. 19th Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Hypertension;
12th European Meeting on Hypertension; June 23–27, 2002, Prague.
136. Gornostaev V, Mychka V, Chazova I, Dvoskina I, Sergienko V. Brain perfusion
autoregulation reserve in patients with arterial hypertension and metabolic
syndrome. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2003; 30
(2): S254.
137. Gornostaev V, Mychka V, Dvoskina I, Sergienko V, Buvaltsev V, Chazova I.
Efficacy of Nebivolol 24-weeks monotherapy on carbohydrates and lipids
metabolism, blood pressure and brain perfusion in patients with metabolic
syndrome. 13-th European meeting on Hypertension, Milan, Italy, June 13–17,
2003.
138. Gosse PH, Sheridan DJ, Zannad F et al. Regression of left ventricular
hypertrophy in hypertensive patients treated with indapamide SR 1.5 mg versus
enalapril 20 mg: LIVE study. J Hypertens 2000; 18: 1465–75.
139. Goyal RK. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in hypertension:
differential effects of antihypertensive agents Clin Exp Hypertens 1999; 21:
167–79.
140. Gray RP, David L, Patterson H, Yudkin JS. Plasminogen activator inhibitor
activity in diabetic and nondiabetic survivors of myocardial infarction.
Arterioscl Thromb 1993; 13: 415–20.
141. Grimaldi A, Heurtier A. Epidemiology of cardiovascular complication of
diabetes. Diabetes Metab 1999; 25 (Suppl. 3): 12–20.
142. Grimm RH, Grandits GA, Culter JA et al. Relationships of quality-of-life
measures to long-term lifestyle and drug treatment in the treatment of Mild
hypertension Study. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 638–48.
143. Grimm RH, Grandits GA, Culter JA, Stewart A.L. et all. Relationship of
quality of life measures to long–term lifestyle and drug treatment in the
treatment of mild hypertension study (TOMHS). Arch Intern Med 1997; 157:
638–48.
144. Guy-Grand B. The clinical uses of dexfenfluramine in the management of
obe-sity. Rev Contemp Pharmacother 1991; 2(2): 115–28.
145. Haefeli WE, Linder L, Lusher TF. Quinaprilat induces arterial vasodilation
mediated by nitric oxide in humans. Hypertension 1997 Oct; 30(4): 912–7.
146. Haenni A, Lithell H. Moxonidine improves insulin sensitivity in insulin –
resistant hypertensives. J Hypertension 1999; 17(suppl. 3): S29–39.
147. Haffner PA, Valder RA, Hazuda HP et al. Prospective analysis of the
insulin–resistance syndrome (Syndrome X). Diabetes 1992; 41: 715–22.
148. Haffner S, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, Pyorala K, Laakso M. Mortality from
coronary heart disease in subject with type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic subjects
with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 229–34.
149. Haffner SM. Diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease. Am J
Cardiol 1999; 83: 17F–21F.
150. Haffner SM, Stern MP, Hazuda HP et al. Increased insulin concentration in
nondiabetic offspring of diabetic parents. New Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1297–301.
151. Haffner SM, Ferranini E, Hazuda HP, Stern MP. Clustering of cardiovascular
risk factors in confirmed prehypertensive individuals. Hypertension 1992; 20:
38–45.
152. Han TS, van Leer EM, Seidell JC et al. Waist circumference action levels in
the identification of cardiovascular risk factors: prevalence study in a random
sample. BMJ 1995; 311: 1401–5.
153. Haneda M, Polonsky KS, Bergenstal RM et al. Familial hyperinsulinemia due
to a structurally abnormal insulin. Definition of an emerging new clinical
syndrome. N Engl J Med 1984; 310: 1288–94.
154. Haneda T, Ido A, Fijikane T, et al. Effect of bisoprolol, a b1-selective
b-blocer, on lipid and glucose metabolism and quality of life in elderly
patients with essential hypertension. Jpn J Geriat 1998; 35: 33–8.
155. Hansen D, Toubro S, Stock M et al. The effect of sibu–tramine on energy
expenditure and appetite during chronic treatment without dietary restriction.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999; 23 (10): 1016–24.
156. Hansson L. The Hypertension Optimal Treatment study (the HOT Study). Blood
Press 1999; 2: 62–8.
157. Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG et al. Effects of intensive
blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension:
principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial.
Lancet 1998; 351: 1755–62.
158. Hansson L et al. Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering and low-dose
aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension
Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomized trial. The Lancet 1998; 351: 1755–62.
159. Hansson L, Lindholm L, Niskanen L et al. Effects of ACE inhibition compared
with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in
hypertensyin: CAPPP randomized trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 611–6.
160. Haw TS, van Leer EM, Seidell JC, Lean ME.J Waist circumference action
levels in the identification of cardiovascular risk factors: prevalence study in
a random sample. BMJ 1995; 311: 1401–5.
161. Heinemann L, Heise T, Ampudia J et al. Four week administration of an ACE
inhibitor and a cardioselective b-blocker in healthy volunteers: no influense on
insulin sensitivity. Eur J Clin Invest 1995; 25: 595–600.
162. Heinonen TM, Stein E, Weiss SR et al. The lipid-lowering effects of
atorvastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor: results of a double-masked
study. Clin Ther 1996; 18: 853–63.
163. Henefeld M, LeonhardtW. Das metabolische Syndrome. Deutsch Ges Wes 1980;
36: 545–51.
164. Higgins M, Kannel W, Garrison R et al. Hazards of obesity: the Framingham
experience. Acta Med Scand 1987; 723: 235–365.
165. Hilleman DE, Seyedroubari A. Atorvastatin: a potent new HMG-CoA reductase
inhibitor. CVR&R 1998 (May); 32–48.
166. Himsworth H. Diabetes mellitus; a differentiation into insulin-sensitive
and insulin-insensitive types. Lancet 1936; 1(I): 127–30.
167. Himsworth HP. Diabetes mellitus. Its differentiation into insulin-sensitive
and insulin-insensitive types. Lancet 1936; 1: 127–30.
168. Ho CH, Jap TS. Fibrinolytic activity in Chinese patients with diabetes or
hyperlipidemia in comperisom with healthy controls. Thromb Haemost 1991; 65:
3–6.
169. Holl A, Mangels W, Dreyer M. Biguanide treatment increase the number of
insulin receptor sites on human erythrocytes. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 563–6.
170. Hollander P, Elbein S, Hirsch I et al. Role of orlistat in the treatment of
obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 1288–94.
171. Holstein A, Plaschke A, Egberts EH. Lower incidence of severe hypoglycaemia
in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with glimepiride versus glibenclamide.
Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2001 Nov–Dec; 17(6): 467–73.
172. Hone J, Accili D, Al-Gazali LI et al. Homozygosity for a new mutation (ILe
– Met) in the insulin receptor gene in five sibs with familial insulin
resistance. J Med Genet 1994; 31: 715–6.
173. HOPE Study Investigators. Effects of ACE inhibitor, ramipril, on
cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 145–53.
174. Hotamisligil GS, Arner P, Caro JF et al. Increased adipose tissue
expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human obesity and insulin
resistance. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 2409–15.
175. Houston MC. The Effects of antihypertensive drags on glucose intolerance in
hypertensive nondiabetics and diabetics. Am Heart J 1988; 115; 3: 640–56.
176. Howard BV. Lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes mellitus. J Lipid Res 1987;
28: 613–28.
177. Hubert HB, Feinleib M, McNamara PM et al. Obesity as an independent risk
factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the
Framingham heart study. Circulation 1983; 67: 968–77.
178. Bujalska IJ, Kumar S, Stewart PM. Does central obesity reflect
“Cushing’s diseas of the omentum”? Lancet 1997; 349 (9060): 1210–3.
179. Jackson TK, Garrison JC. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeut. Eds J
Hardman et al 9-th ed. New York 1996; 733–58.
180. Janssens WJ, Geyskens D, Proost F. Comparison of the b-adrenergic
antagonistic effects of Nebivolol, carvedilol, celiprolol and bisoprolol on
isolated right atria and trachea of the guinea-pig. Preclinical Research Report.
June 1996.
181. Jenings PE, Scott NA, Saniabadi AR, Belch JJF. Effects of gliclazide on
platelet reactivity and free radicals in type 2 diabetic patients: clinical
assessment. Metabolism 1992; 41 (5 Suppl. 1): 36–39.
182. Jennings AM, Wilson RM, Ward JD. Symptomatic hypoglycemic agents. Diabetes
Care 1989; 12: 201–208.
183. Jennings G et al. Effects of Nebivolol on haemodynamics, cardiac dimensions
and function, cardiovascular reflexes and biochemical measures of sympathetic
activity in normal human subjects. Drug Invest 1991; 3 (Suppl. 1): 51–9.
184. Johnson BF. The emerging problem of plasma lipid changes during
antihypertensive therapy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1982; 4 (Suppl. 2): S213–21.
185. Jonas M, Reicher-Reiss H, Royko V et al. Usefullness of b-blocker therapy
in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and coronary artery
disease. Am J Cardiol 1996; 77:1273–7.
186. Jones P, Kafonek S, Laurora I et al. Comparitive dose efficacy study of
atorvastatin with that of lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, and fluvastatin
in patients with hypercholesterolemia: The CURVES stud. Am J Cardiol 1998; 81:
582–7.
187. Julius S, Gudbrandsson T, Jamerson K, Shahab ST, Andersson O. The
hemodynamic link between insulin resistance and hypertension. J Hypertens 1991,
9: 983–6.
188. Kamide K, Hori M, Zhu J et al. Insulin-mediated growth in aortic smooth
muscle and the vascular rennin-angiotensin system. Hypertension 1998; 32:
482–7.
189. Kannel WB, Cuppels LA, Ramaswami R et al. Regional obesity and risk of
cardiovascular disease; the Framingham study. J Clin Epidemiol 1991; 44(2):
183–90.
190. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and glucose intolerance as risk factors for
cardiovascular disease: The Framingham Study. Diabetes Care 1979; 2: 120–6.
191. Kaplan N.M. The deadly quartet: upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance,
hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 1514–20.
192. Karbonits M. Leptin levels do not change acutely with food administration,
but area negatively correlated with pituitary activity. J Endocrinol 1997, 152:
39.
193. Kelley D, Bray G, Xavier F et al. Clinical efficacy of orlistat therapy in
overweigh and obese patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care
2002; 25: 1033–41.
194. Kelley DE, Bidot P, Freedman Z et al. Efficacy and safety of acarbose in
insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care 1998; 21:
2056–61.
195. Keltikangas-Jarvinen L. Vital exhauston, anger expression, pituatry and
adrenocortical hormones. Implications for the insulin resistance syndrime:
Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 1996; 16: 273–88.
196. Kern PA, Saghizadeh M, Ong JM et al. The expression of tumor necrosis
factor in human adipose tissue. Regulation by obesity, weight loss, and
relationship to lipoprotein lipase. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 2111–19.
197. Kopf D, Muhlen I, Kroning G et al. Insulin sensitivity and sodium excretion
in normotensive offspring and hypertensive patients. Metabolism 2001; 50(8):
929–35.
198. Krotkiewski M, Bjomtorp P, Sjostrom L, Smith U. Impact of obesity on
metabolism in men and women. J Clin Invest 1983; 72: 1150–62.
199. Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, Campbell SM, Johnson CL. Increasing prevalence of
overweight among US adults. JAMA 1994; 272: 205–11.
200. Laakso M. Epidemiology of Diabetic Dyslipidemia. Diabetes Rev 1995; 3:
408–22.
201. Laakso M, Edelman SV, Brechtel G, Baron A.D. Decreased effect of insulin to
stimulate skeletal blood flow in obese man: a novel mechanism for insulin
resistance. BMJ 1990; 85: 1844–52.
202. Laakso M, Edelman SV, Brechtel G, Baron AD. Impaired insulin mediated
skeletal muscle blood flow in patients with NIDDM. Diabetes 1992; 41: 1076–83.
203. Lapidus L, Bengtsson C, Larsson B et al. Distribution of adipose tissue and
risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12 year follow up of participants in
the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Br Med J 1984; 289:
1257–61.
204. Lapidus L, Bengtsson C, Larsson B et al. Distribution of adipose tissue and
risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12 year follow–up participants in
the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. BMJ 1984; 289: 1261–3.
205. Laragb JH. Vasoconstriction-volume analysis for understanding and treating
hypertension: the use off rennin and aldosterone profiles. Am J Med 1973; 55:
261–74.
206. Larsson B, Svardsudd K, Welin L et al. Abdominal adipose tissue
distribution, obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 13 year
follow-up participants in the study of men born in 1913. BMJ 1984; 288:
1401–4.
